This file was generated on 2026-03-06 by Jane Roque A GENERAL INFORMATION 1. Title of the dataset: Hourly ICON outputs from irrigation sensitivity test 2. Brief description of the research project and its aims: Irrigation is an agricultural practice that keeps an ideal soil moisture for crop growth. Aside from this, the Earth system community also recognized the irrigation impact on different components of the Earth system. Therefore, the aim of the study was to quantify the irrigation impact by implementing irrigation simulations on regional ICON-NWP simulations at 3 km horizontal resolution in the EURO-CORDEX domain in Limited-Area Mode. To achieve this, once the irrigation parameterization was included in the ICON model, we ran a sensitivity test with different irrigation amounts, which are average irrigation amounts per country. The current dataset includes the output of the Control run (CTRL), no irrigation in the system. In addition, the current dataset includes the outputs of five free simulation with ICON-nwp considering an irrigation amount of 2.6 mm/d, 6.7 mm/d, 11.1 mm/d, which is the average from France, Spain and Italy (Irrigation average from Eurostat), respectively. Moreover, we included soil moisture forced to field capacity and saturation. When substracted irrigation experiments from the CTRL, results demonstrated that ICON captures the irrigation effect on land-surface and atmospheric variables. As expected, soil moisture content increased, influencing changes in energy fluxes with an increase of LHF and a reduction of SHF. This led to a cooling effect for 2-meter temperature. From this impact, we found that the primary source of sensitivity came from the method used to introduce irrigation water into the system, rather than from the irrigation amount. As stated above, these files are the outputs from the ICOsahedral Nonhydrostatic model (ICON). This model was developed by the German Weather Service (DWD) and the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology (MPI-M). ICON is currently used operationally at the Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD) for weather forecasting. 3. Author Information A. Investigator Contact Information Name: Jane Leonor Roque Institution: Institute of Geosciences, University of Bonn Address: Auf dem Hügel 20, 53121 Bonn, Germany Email: jroquema@uni-bonn.de B. Project Supervisor (Principal Investigator) Contact Information Name: Arianna Valmassoi Institution: Deutscher Wetterdienst Address: Frankfurter Str. 135, 63067 Offenbach am Main Email: Arianna.Valmassoi@dwd.de C. In case of questions related to this dataset, please contact: Name: Jane Leonor Roque Institute of Geosciences, University of Bonn Address: Auf dem Hügel 20, 53121 Bonn, Germany Email: jroquema@uni-bonn.de 4. Date of data collection: 2024-08-19 5. Information about funding sources that supported the collection of the data: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, 450058266 6. Language of the dataset: English 7. Geographic location of data collection: Bonn, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany B DATA & FILE OVERVIEW 1. File List: sel_fc_DOM01_1943.grb in consecutive order until sel_fc_DOM01_4150.grb, with a total of 2208 files for each of the 6 experiments [ICON outputs] Roque_sensitivity_irri_Readme.txt 2. Are there multiple versions of the dataset? No C SHARING/ACCESS INFORMATION 1. Was data derived from another source?: No 2. Licenses/restrictions placed on the data: CC-BY 4.0 3. Links to publications that cite or use the data: 10.22541/essoar.176530330.04410565/v1 4. Links to other publicly accessible locations of the data: 5. Links/relationships to ancillary datasets: - Roque, J. L., and Valmassoi A. (2026). “Namelist for ICON Simulations with Irrigation.” bonndata. https://doi.org/doi:10.60507/FK2/HJL76D - Roque, J. (2025). Irrigation parameterizations for ICON-nwp. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17713249 D METHODOLOGICAL INFORMATION 1. Description of methods used for collection/generation of data: We modified the ICON model and introduced an irrigation parameterization in the interface between the atmospheric and land compartments. With the irrigation parameterization ready, we ran a sensitivity test with different irrigation amounts, which are average irrigation amounts per country and soil moisture forced to field capacity or saturation. The data folder includes datasets with the outputs of free simulation with ICON-nwp considering an irrigation amount of: - icon_nwp_ctrl --> No irrigation [Control run] - icon_nwp_av_France --> 2.6 mm/d [Irrigation average from Eurostat, France] - icon_nwp_av_Spain --> 6.7 mm/d [Irrigation average from Eurostat, Spain] - icon_nwp_av_Italy --> 11.1 mm/d [Irrigation average from Eurostat, Italy] - icon_nwp_field_capacity --> Soil moisture forced to field capacity - icon_nwp_saturation --> Soil moisture forced to saturation To generate the irrigation experiment we first ran a control experiment (no irrigation), which time span is from 2022-03-01 02UTC to 2022-08-31 02UTC. Different restarts were created from the control run at different dates. The sensitivity irrigation experiments started from a restart from the control run on 2022-05-20 02UTC and continued until 2022-08-21 02UTC. We worked with ICON global initial and boundary conditions from the 2022 operational system, 13 km resolution and 120 vertical levels. Our settings include a horizontal resolution of 3 km, 75 vertical levels and a time step of 30 seconds. Based on these characteristics, our namelist is derived from the operational ICON-LAM configuration, which includes the following parameterizations: ecRad Radiation scheme, diagnostic PDF Cloud cover scheme, single-moment Microphysics scheme, the prognostic TKE (COSMO) Turbulent transfer scheme and TERRA LSM. Working with convection-permitting grids, we opted to turn off deep and mid-level convection and keep shallow convection parameterization active. A more detail description of the methodology is included in Roque and Valmassoi, 2025 (DOI: 10.22541/essoar.176530330.04410565/v1). Some general settings are: - ICON version used: icon-nwp-2.6.6-nwp0 - Format from all data is: Gridded binary (GRIB) version 2 - Grid information: icon_grid_9999_R13B07_L.nc - ICON native grid (~3km horizontal resolution) - Irrigation map: Globcover2009 [land cover class irrigated croplands] - Data contains all the following output variables [from NAMELIST]: ml_varlist ='rh_2m','t_2m','w_so','lhfl_s','shfl_s' - Experiment contains data from 2022-05-21 00:00:00 (#1943) to 2022-08-20 23:00:00 (#4150). 2. Methods for processing the data: From all the outputs generated in the study, we selected 5 variables: ml_varlist ='rh_2m','t_2m','w_so','lhfl_s','shfl_s'. To select the data we used the Climate Data Operators (Schulzweida, 2023. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10020800). 3. Instrument- and/or software-specific information needed to interpret the data: The current files are outputs from the ICOsahedral Nonhydrostatic model (ICON), Version: icon-nwp-2.6.6-nwp0. To check the data or postprocess it, one can use Climate Data Operators, Python, and others. 4. People involved in sample collection, processing, analysis and/or submission: Jane Roque and Arianna Valmassoi E DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: [sel_fc_DOM01_1943.grb to sel_fc_DOM01_4150.grb] 1. Variable list including full names and definitions (please spell out abbreviated words) of column headings for tabular data: ICON outputs: RELHUM_2M [rh_2m] --> 2m Relative Humidity (units: %) T_2M [t_2m] --> 2m Temperature (units: K) W_SO [w_so] --> Column-integrated Soil Moisture (multilayers) (units: kg m-2) LHFL_S [lhfl_s] --> Latent Heat Net Flux - instant - at surface (units: kg m-2) SHFL_S [shfl_s] --> Sensible Heat Net Flux - instant - at surface (units: kg m-2)