Winter wheat simulation outputs across Europe (1991–2020)

Name: Winter wheat simulation outputs across Europe (1991–2020)
Published: 2026-01-20
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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Important usage condition: Use and redistribution are governed by CC BY 4.0. Review and comply with the license before using the data.

Persistent identifier: doi:10.60507/FK2/QCZ9KA
Published version: 1.0
Publication date: 2026-01-20
License: CC BY 4.0

Description

This dataset contains spatially explicit, process-based simulation outputs of winter wheat growth and water use across Europe. Simulations were conducted over a 30-year historical climate period and aggregated to seasonal values from sowing to harvest. The dataset includes simulations for 2 winter wheat cultivars (Tommi and S. Dickkopf). As defined in the associated manuscript, Tommi represents a modern cultivar (released 2002), S. Dickkopf represents a historic cultivar (released 1895). The dataset was generated to support analyses of cultivar-specific differences in transpiration and related variables under contrasting climatic conditions.

Creators

Behrend, Dominik
Nguyen, Thuy Huu
Baca Cabrera, Juan C.
Baumert, Josef
Gonçalves Bazzo, Clara Oliva
Jones, Dylan
Lobet, Guillaume
Seidel, Sabine J.
Srivastava, Amit Kumar
Storm, Hugo
Vanderborght, Jan
Ewert, Frank
Gaiser, Thomas

Keywords

Transpiration

Files

Before downloading: Use and redistribution are governed by CC BY 4.0. Review and comply with the license before using the data.

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variables.xlsx	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	10775	MD5 53f154a3b0d3f847c9c6aa2d0928f016
winter_wheat_simulation_outputs_europe_dickkopf_1991-2020_v1.0.csv.gz	application/x-gzip	471058697	MD5 efac3e96dd45a0fe378ec4088fc3650f
winter_wheat_simulation_outputs_europe_tommi_1991-2020_v1.0.csv.gz	application/x-gzip	487853541	MD5 6b848c688cac92578871e67da66ad238
ReadMe.txt	text/plain	9914	MD5 5a2e03f1a1026f38baf8eb288b4f7d6f
wheat_cropmask_europe_v1.0.tif	image/tiff	193481	MD5 ce27533500bfe1732780f3467010f22b
winter_wheat_simulation_inputs_europe_soil_profile_mean_v1.0.csv.gz	application/x-gzip	3260555	MD5 9e4cc4e1a5b06a8702adbeada62ba9e7
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winter_wheat_simulation_inputs_europe_seasonal_weather_1990-2020_v1.0.csv.gz	application/x-gzip	46130340	MD5 179ed26074b7b119273c8de142a8d6fa
Beck_KG_V1_present_0p0083.tif	image/tiff	23094320	MD5 fe8f23532bfb59231a072398f0d9a7cb
R_script_visualizations_figure_5_S11.R	type/x-r-syntax	9922	MD5 51231564e706fa06039ebcdd010cf9d1
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Citation

Behrend, Dominik; Nguyen, Thuy Huu; Baca Cabrera, Juan C.; Baumert, Josef; Gonçalves Bazzo, Clara Oliva; Jones, Dylan; Lobet, Guillaume; Seidel, Sabine J.; Srivastava, Amit Kumar; Storm, Hugo; Vanderborght, Jan; Ewert, Frank; Gaiser, Thomas, 2026-01-20, Winter wheat simulation outputs across Europe (1991–2020), doi:10.60507/FK2/QCZ9KA, V1.0

Additional Dataverse fields

Id	563
Dataset Type	dataset
Internal Version Number	24
Latest Version Publishing State	RELEASED
Production Date	2026-01-09
Release Time	2026-01-20T15:26:29Z
Create Time	2026-01-15T16:54:40Z
Citation Date	2026-01-20
File Access Request	True

Export metadata

Static metadata exports available for this published dataset version:

Complete Dataverse metadata

Citation Metadata

Title title

Winter wheat simulation outputs across Europe (1991–2020)

Subtitle subtitle

Breeding changes water use of winter wheat across Europe

Author author

Author Name
Behrend, Dominik
Author Affiliation
University of Bonn
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Nguyen, Thuy Huu
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University of Bonn
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Baca Cabrera, Juan C.
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Baumert, Josef
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University of Bonn
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Gonçalves Bazzo, Clara Oliva
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University of Bonn
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Jones, Dylan
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IPK Gatersleben
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Lobet, Guillaume
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UC-Louvain
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Seidel, Sabine J.
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Srivastava, Amit Kumar
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Storm, Hugo
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University of Bonn
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Ewert, Frank
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Gaiser, Thomas
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Dataset Contact datasetContact

Dataset Contact Name
Behrend, Dominik
Dataset Contact Affiliation
University of Bonn
Dataset Contact Email
dbehrend@uni-bonn.de

Ds Description dsDescription

Ds Description Value
This dataset contains spatially explicit, process-based simulation outputs of winter wheat growth and water use across Europe. Simulations were conducted over a 30-year historical climate period and aggregated to seasonal values from sowing to harvest. The dataset includes simulations for 2 winter wheat cultivars (Tommi and S. Dickkopf). As defined in the associated manuscript, Tommi represents a modern cultivar (released 2002), S. Dickkopf represents a historic cultivar (released 1895). The dataset was generated to support analyses of cultivar-specific differences in transpiration and related variables under contrasting climatic conditions.
Ds Description Date
2026-01-15

Subject subject

Agricultural Sciences
Earth and Environmental Sciences

Free Keyword freeKeyword

Free Keyword Value
Transpiration

Publication publication

Publication Relation Type
Cites
Publication Citation
Behrend, Dominik, Thuy Huu Nguyen, Hubert Hüging, et al. 2025. ‘Biomass Partitioning and Canopy Architecture of Six German Winter Wheat Cultivars Released between 1895 and 2002’. Preprint, September 18. ESS Open Archive.
Publication URL
https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.175822260.03180911/v1
Publication Relation Type
Cites
Publication Citation
Lan, X., P. Tans, and K.W. Thoning. 2025. ‘Trends in Globally-Averaged CO2 Determined from NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory Measurements’. January.
Publication URL
https://doi.org/10.15138/9N0H-ZH07
Publication Relation Type
Cites
Publication Citation
Baumert, J., Heckelei, T., & Storm, H. (2025). A dataset of yearly probabilistic crop type maps for the EU from 1990 to 2018. Data in Brief, 60, 111472
Publication URL
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2025.111472
Publication Relation Type
Cites
Publication Citation
Beck, Hylke E., Niklaus E. Zimmermann, Tim R. McVicar, Noemi Vergopolan, Alexis Berg, and Eric F. Wood. 2018. ‘Present and Future Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification Maps at 1-Km Resolution’. Scientific Data 5 (1): 180214
Publication URL
https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.214
Publication Relation Type
Cites
Publication Citation
Poggio, Laura, Luis M. de Sousa, Niels H. Batjes, et al. 2021. ‘SoilGrids 2.0: Producing Soil Information for the Globe with Quantified Spatial Uncertainty’. SOIL 7 (1): 217–40.
Publication URL
https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-217-2021
Publication Relation Type
Cites
Publication Citation
Hersbach, H., B. Bell, P. Berrisford, et al. 2023. ‘ERA5 Hourly Data on Single Levels from 1940 to Present.’ Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS).
Publication URL
https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.adbb2d47

Language language

English

Producer producer

Producer Name
Behrend, Dominik
Producer Affiliation
University of Bonn

Production Date productionDate

2026-01-09

Contributor contributor

Contributor Type
Researcher

Grant Number grantNumber

Grant Number Agency
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation)
Grant Number Value
450058266

Depositor depositor

Behrend, Dominik

Date Of Deposit dateOfDeposit

2026-01-15

Time Period Covered timePeriodCovered

Time Period Covered Start
1991-01-01
Time Period Covered End
2020-12-31

Kind Of Data kindOfData

Model Simulation outputs and inputs

Software software

Software Name
SIMPLACE Crop Modeling Framework
Software Version
5.0
Software Name
R
Software Version
4.5.1

Data Sources dataSources

Model input weather data was derived from the Era5 reanalysis dataset: https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.adbb2d47 Data can be downloaded here: https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/datasets/reanalysis-era5-single-levels?tab=download This includes the following files of the dataset: /data/winter_wheat_simulation_inputs_europe_seasonal_weather_1990-2020_v1.0.csv /data/winter_wheat_simulation_inputs_europe_yearly_weather_1990-2020_v1.0.csv
Soil Input data was derived from the SoilGrids2.0 1000 m dataset: https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-217-2021 Data can be downloaded here: https://files.isric.org/soilgrids/latest/data/ This includes the following files of the dataset: data/winter_wheat_simulation_inputs_europe_soilprofile_mean_1990-2020_v1.0.csv.gz
The crop map file was derived from: Baumert, J., Heckelei, T., & Storm, H. (2025). A dataset of yearly probabilistic crop type maps for the EU from 1990 to 2018. Data in Brief, 60, 111472, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2025.111472. Data can be downloaded here: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14409497 This includes the following files of the dataset: /data/wheat_cropmask_europe_v1.0.tif
The Climate classification was derived from: Beck, Hylke E., Niklaus E. Zimmermann, Tim R. McVicar, Noemi Vergopolan, Alexis Berg, and Eric F. Wood. 2018. ‘Present and Future Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification Maps at 1-Km Resolution’. Scientific Data 5 (1): 180214. https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.214. Data can be downloaded here: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.6396959 This includes the following files of the dataset: /data/Beck_KG_V1_present_0p0083.tif
The shape file on country level for the world was derived from: https://www.naturalearthdata.com/ Made with Natural Earth. Free vector and raster map data @ naturalearthdata.com.

Computational Workflow Metadata

Workflow Type workflowType

R Notebook

Workflow Documentation workflowDocumentation

R Scripts used to process the data, including descriptions of the packages used and versions, as well as the origin and preprocessing of the datasets are attached.

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