10.60507/FK2/26GMYD Graf, Paul Paul Graf https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6790-0607 University of Bonn bonndata 2026 Arts and Humanities Graf, Paul Paul Graf University of Bonn Benz, Annkatrin Annkatrin Benz Schwendener, Omar Omar Schwendener Grube, Nikolai Nikolai Grube Eberl, Markus Markus Eberl León Antillón, Mónica de Mónica de León Antillón Arenales, Grecia Grecia Arenales Elías, Silvia Silvia Elías Botzet, Marie Marie Botzet Fajardo, Ivannoe Ivannoe Fajardo Vela, Marie Marie Vela Estrada, Rebecca Rebecca Estrada Quiñonez, Kimberly Kimberly Quiñonez Morgan, Hannah Hannah Morgan Dávila, Melvin Melvin Dávila Wyatt, Andrew Andrew Wyatt Lima Albeño, Elián Elián Lima Albeño Bac Pac, Julián Julián Bac Pac Juárez Sandoval, Edwin Edwin Juárez Sandoval Donis Gómez, Francisco Francisco Donis Gómez Donis Portillo, Marvin Marvin Donis Portillo Osorio Pineda, Wendy Wendy Osorio Pineda Chiquin Díaz, Ezequias Ezequias Chiquin Díaz López, Vilda Vilda López Leonel, Hugo Hugo Leonel Bac Xitumul, Mynor Mynor Bac Xitumul Chó Coc, Santiago Santiago Chó Coc 2026-02-23 2026-02-27 2019-10-01/2024-10-20 textual data;coded documents;survey data;aggregate data;process-produced data 10.60507/FK2/26GMYD/OPWBTN 10.60507/FK2/26GMYD/5UILHE 10.60507/FK2/26GMYD/1QXAJK 10.60507/FK2/26GMYD/MJQ64T 10.60507/FK2/26GMYD/JOQFPV 10.60507/FK2/26GMYD/VFZBBF 10.60507/FK2/26GMYD/RIOMWE 10.60507/FK2/26GMYD/AKBB2D 10.60507/FK2/26GMYD/UF4XZU 10.60507/FK2/26GMYD/G1J9XW 10.60507/FK2/26GMYD/ABNMWK 10.60507/FK2/26GMYD/EFWLJM 10.60507/FK2/26GMYD/5M5QNY 10.60507/FK2/26GMYD/E0WZUR 10.60507/FK2/26GMYD/VTZTGT 10.60507/FK2/26GMYD/THZEHS 10.60507/FK2/26GMYD/VPN1LK 10.60507/FK2/26GMYD/ANSEIQ 10.60507/FK2/26GMYD/Q9DRMK 10.60507/FK2/26GMYD/49MD0B 10.60507/FK2/26GMYD/XCPJYT 10.60507/FK2/26GMYD/R3H7TF 10.60507/FK2/26GMYD/GDKXN0 10.60507/FK2/26GMYD/DFDL7T 10.60507/FK2/26GMYD/TO03ZC 10.60507/FK2/26GMYD/KPVRA5 10.60507/FK2/26GMYD/BJ7XAO 10.60507/FK2/26GMYD/2EJBK1 10.60507/FK2/26GMYD/9UYTEJ 10.60507/FK2/26GMYD/B1NCMG 10.60507/FK2/26GMYD/PLWIAB 10.60507/FK2/26GMYD/0Y2RRT 10.60507/FK2/26GMYD/XYZSKF 10.60507/FK2/26GMYD/A1ALVS 10.60507/FK2/26GMYD/O3AH6W 10.60507/FK2/26GMYD/7FO2D2 10.60507/FK2/26GMYD/TO20DF 10.60507/FK2/26GMYD/Q7NH85 10.60507/FK2/26GMYD/NQBBSP 10.60507/FK2/26GMYD/V4NP6D 10.60507/FK2/26GMYD/DOUXHE 10.60507/FK2/26GMYD/LPREJB 10.60507/FK2/26GMYD/UX8FKP 10.60507/FK2/26GMYD/HBNTLB 10.60507/FK2/26GMYD/MQXWUV 10.60507/FK2/26GMYD/6OVMSF 10.60507/FK2/26GMYD/EXBXED 10.60507/FK2/26GMYD/MXZLRX 223 1747 113 7315 3080 729 97779 51278 86022 40929 17207 19775 262404 160298 14036 4622 58756 59839 86032 33337 32260 84050 3978 13124 23013 25331 41156 13968 14213 9396 2869 91353 102929 4108 60087 61393 1129 446 27857 19972 1142 889 3536 47438 61714 65675 16655 3121 text/csv text/csv text/csv text/csv type/x-r-syntax text/csv application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet text/csv text/csv application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet text/csv text/csv text/csv application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet text/csv text/csv application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet text/csv text/csv text/csv text/csv application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet text/csv application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet text/csv text/csv text/csv text/csv application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet text/csv text/comma-separated-values text/comma-separated-values application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet text/csv text/csv application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet text/csv text/csv text/csv application/octet-stream text/plain application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet text/csv application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet text/csv 1.0 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Premodern societies in tropical environments lived under extreme conditions that influenced their social structure. In the Classic Maya society in the Southern Maya Lowlands of the Yucatan Peninsula, human–environment interactions contributed to the emergence of strong inequalities between different social groups. But in which way were these groups entangled with each other? This project was developed in the context of a PhD dissertation (Graf 2026) and includes different types of data. The research project explored different forms of asymmetrical dependency among the Classic Maya. It considered distinct individual actors and social roles (captives, servants, dwarfs), and intergroup relationships between households and neighborhoods. The latter was studied by examining the role of essential resources, i.e., tangible and intangible things that are considered vital or morally necessary for individuals in their social environment. The goal consisted of identifying unbalanced power relations based on the control of essential resources and revealing the social mechanisms that legitimated these asymmetrical relationships in society. The project pursued a multidisciplinary methodology consisting of different approaches from environmental archaeology, digital archaeology, ethnoarchaeology, ethnohistory and linguistics. Archaeological fieldwork was conducted in the western periphery of Tzikin Tzakan and southwest Tamarindito in the Petén region of Guatemala. Remote-sensing and ground-truthing techniques were used to create a representative sample of resource zones, residential areas, infrastructure, and certain landscape features. This data was processed in a geographic information system in order to study interaction spheres and draw their spatial connection using Least Cost Path and other analyses. Apart from the archaeological case study, forms of asymmetrical dependency in the Classic Maya society were reconstructed by conducting a lexical analysis of emic terms in different Mayan languages (emic = from an intracultural view). It was concluded that various forms of asymmetrical dependency existed in the Classic Maya society, including captive-taking, patronage, servitude and exploitation for tribute and corvée labor. Furthermore, it was pointed out that fictional kinship relations and moral values, including the moral aspect of resources, played a crucial role in legitimizing these asymmetrical relationships. R, 4.0 to 4.4 QGIS, 3.40.10 (LTR) SAGA, 8.4.0 GRASS GIS, 8.4.1 Agisoft Metashape Professional, 1.7.4 The digital supplementary material includes multiple datasets from different aspects of the project. On the one hand, they include reviews in tabular form on theories (geopolitical models for the Classic Maya, Suppl.-1) and methods (geophysical applications in the Latin America and the Caribbean, Suppl.-2). On the other, archaeological and technical data is provided, including the excavation database (Suppl.-4), material analyses (Suppl.-6 and 7), postprocessing scripts and documents (Suppl.-3, 5 and 11), and multiperspective approaches on resource preferences and dietary behaviors, as well as ethnographic and corpus-linguistical data (Suppl.-8, 9, 10 and 12). Archaeological site Tzikin Tzakan, Petén, Guatemala, WGS84 17.032379 -89.242951 EXC 2036, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)