10.60507/FK2/QMNFKGCorbin, ArminArminCorbin0000-0002-6256-0949University of BonnKusche, JürgenJürgenKusche0000-0001-7069-021XUniversity of Bonnbonndata2026Earth and Environmental SciencesPhysicsCorbin, ArminArminCorbinUniversity of Bonn2026-06-042026-07-212026-09-0810.48565/bonndoc-59610.1186/s40623-022-01733-z10.1029/2025JA03421910.1002/9781118704417.ch710.1029/2004JA01088410.5281/zenodo.1378962810.1016/j.cageo.2012.03.02610.1175/MWR-D-11-00102.1260439266897804674726076871615782359162563284830239424752237029198398085137758918application/x-netcdfapplication/x-netcdfapplication/x-netcdfapplication/x-netcdfapplication/x-netcdfapplication/x-netcdftext/markdownapplication/gzipapplication/x-netcdf1.0CC BY 4.0Earth’s upper atmosphere is strongly affected by solar and geomagnetic activity and coupling to lower atmospheric layers, which together shape the properties of the rarefied gas encountered by satellites in low Earth orbit. Numerical upper-atmosphere models have limited predictive skill, but data assimilation can improve their simulations by combining them with satellite observations. Here we provide global simulations of the upper atmosphere for the full month of May 2024, including the extreme Gannon geomagnetic storm, as a supplement to a paper describing the TIE-GCM PDAF data assimilation software. The dataset demonstrates the software’s capabilities through a simulation without data assimilation and simulations that assimilate satellite-derived neutral mass densities from GRACE-FO 1 and Swarm-C. It includes gridded estimates of neutral mass density, neutral temperature, and electron density, along with simulated values at higher temporal resolution along the GRACE-FO 1 and Swarm-C satellite orbits and the files needed to reproduce the ensemble setup.TIE-GCM-PDAF, 3