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Numerical upper-atmosphere models have limited predictive skill, but data assimilation can improve their simulations by combining them with satellite observations. Here we provide global simulations of the upper atmosphere for the full month of May 2024, including the extreme Gannon geomagnetic storm, as a supplement to a paper describing the TIE-GCM PDAF data assimilation software. The dataset demonstrates the software’s capabilities through a simulation without data assimilation and simulations that assimilate satellite-derived neutral mass densities from GRACE-FO 1 and Swarm-C. It includes gridded estimates of neutral mass density, neutral temperature, and electron density, along with simulated values at higher temporal resolution along the GRACE-FO 1 and Swarm-C satellite orbits and the files needed to reproduce the ensemble setup."},"dsDescriptionDate":{"typeName":"dsDescriptionDate","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"2026-07-21"}}]},{"typeName":"subject","multiple":true,"typeClass":"controlledVocabulary","value":["Earth and Environmental Sciences","Physics"]},{"typeName":"freeKeyword","multiple":true,"typeClass":"compound","value":[{"freeKeywordValue":{"typeName":"freeKeywordValue","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"Data Assimilation"}},{"freeKeywordValue":{"typeName":"freeKeywordValue","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"Thermosphere"}},{"freeKeywordValue":{"typeName":"freeKeywordValue","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"Upper Atmosphere"}},{"freeKeywordValue":{"typeName":"freeKeywordValue","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"Geomagnetic storm"}},{"freeKeywordValue":{"typeName":"freeKeywordValue","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"Ionosphere"}}]},{"typeName":"publication","multiple":true,"typeClass":"compound","value":[{"publicationRelationType":{"typeName":"publicationRelationType","multiple":false,"typeClass":"controlledVocabulary","value":"IsSupplementTo"},"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"Corbin, Armin and Kusche, Jürgen: TIE-GCM PDAF 3: an efficient ensemble-based data assimilation system for the TIE-GCM 3.0 (in preparation)"}},{"publicationRelationType":{"typeName":"publicationRelationType","multiple":false,"typeClass":"controlledVocabulary","value":"References"},"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"A. 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Kusche, “Improving the estimation of thermospheric neutral density via two-step assimilation of in situ neutral density into a numerical model,” Earth, Planets and Space, vol. 74, no. 1, p. 183, 2022, doi: 10.1186/s40623-022-01733-z."},"publicationIDType":{"typeName":"publicationIDType","multiple":false,"typeClass":"controlledVocabulary","value":"doi"},"publicationIDNumber":{"typeName":"publicationIDNumber","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"10.1186/s40623-022-01733-z"},"publicationURL":{"typeName":"publicationURL","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-022-01733-z"}},{"publicationRelationType":{"typeName":"publicationRelationType","multiple":false,"typeClass":"controlledVocabulary","value":"References"},"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"Wu, H., Wang, W., Pham, K. H., Lin, D., Rao, N., Wiltberger, M. J., et al. (2025). The NCAR-TIEGCM Version 3.0. 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Khazanov)."},"publicationIDType":{"typeName":"publicationIDType","multiple":false,"typeClass":"controlledVocabulary","value":"doi"},"publicationIDNumber":{"typeName":"publicationIDNumber","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"10.1002/9781118704417.ch7"},"publicationURL":{"typeName":"publicationURL","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118704417.ch7"}},{"publicationRelationType":{"typeName":"publicationRelationType","multiple":false,"typeClass":"controlledVocabulary","value":"References"},"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"D. R. Weimer, “Improved ionospheric electrodynamic models and application to calculating Joule heating rates,” Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, vol. 110, no. 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